JUSTICE AND PASSIONS 正义与激情





Showing posts with label HUMAN RIGHTS. Show all posts
Showing posts with label HUMAN RIGHTS. Show all posts

I Was Assaulted Too, Claims Detainees' Lawyers


Memorandum to Suhakam
12 May 2003

I Was Assaulted Too, Claims Detainees' Lawyers
Home Minister must explain how this could have happened

Cheah: A plainclothes camp personnel

...pounced on me and started to scream threats

To:
Chairman of Suhakam
& Commissioners of Suhakam
Kuala Lumpur, Selangor


Dear Sir / Madam,

1) Assault on KeADILan Reformasi 5 in Kamunting Detention Camp
2) Assault on lawyer inside Kamunting Detention Camp


I refer to the above matter and the enclosed letter of the Reformasi 5 dated 10h May 2003. I am one of the lawyers representing the six Internal Security Act detainees. Five of them are now still detained in the Kamunting Detention Camp. They are Mr. Chua Tian Chang, Mr. Saari Sungip, Mr. Hishamudin Rais, Mr. Lokman Adam, and Dr. Badrul Amin. (Mr. Mohd Ezam Mohd Nor is now detained in Kajang).

Over the two years detention period, we the lawyers have received many complaints from the families and from the detainees about the unreasonable treatment meted out to the detainees by the camp authorities or their agents. Such treatment includes cases of assault, harassment, beatings, kicking, slapping, being stripped naked, interrogation, letters being confiscated, being cut off from outside communication, allowing their drinking water to be contaminated (the dead birds in the water tank incident), medical supplements being prohibited, personal property being damaged, being cut off from important news in the newspapers, their lawyers being turned away for no good reason, being handcuffed and blindfolded for long hours when travelling, or being blindfold and handcuffed when walking inside buildings (like being blindfolded and made to walk up or down the staircase) etc.

I would also like to point out that during our visits to the camp, the lawyers often find plainclothes personnel in the camp, sometimes interfering with the warden’s decisions, and always prepared to threaten the detainees and the lawyers. When challenged, they would refuse to identify who they are; they often behave in a very intimidating manner. In the recent episode, one plainclothes personnel (acknowledged by Camp superior officer Mr. Adina to be one of the “agents”, threatened me, and threatened my life when I was in the camp in front of the superior officer and at least five other officers and wardens).

The principle grounds of complaints are as follows:

Assault on Keadilan Reformasi 5 in Kamunting Detention Camp


On 8 May 2003, the Review Board reviewed the cases of the five Reformasi detainees. The Review Board stated that they have to be consistent with their previous finding, which was to release the Reformasi detainees at once. Their last finding was made on or about 12 December .2002. The Review Board stated that they respected the finding of the Federal Court last year, when the court held that the police was “mala fide” in their investigation against the Reformasi detainees under section 73 of the Internal Security Act. The Review Board expressed regret that the Minister had chosen to disregard their consistent advice to release the Reformasi detainees.

On that same day, the lawyers (Gooi Hock Seng, Gooi Hsiao Leung, and Cheah Kah Peng) made an appointment to meet Mr. Sobri, one of the high ranking officers of Kamunting Detention Camp. The lawyers reiterated their clients’ requests to further their studies in the Camp. They further advised Mr. Sobri about their acceptance and conditional acceptance in universities for further education programmes. (Backed by documentary evidence from the university). Letters urging the Camp authorities to expedite the matter were shown to Mr. Sobri by lawyers.

After the lawyers had explained, Mr. Sobri agreed in front of Mr. Chua Tian Chang and the above-named three lawyers that he would check with the Home Minister’s office again about the long and unnecessary delay in allowing the detainees to further their studies.

In the meantime, as a preliminary aid to Mr. Chua’s PhD research, he consented to the return of Mr. Chua Tian Chang’s laptop computer, which was held in the custody of the Camp authority for about a year.

We the lawyers were subsequently told by the clients that the laptop computer only stayed with Mr. Chua Tian Chang for less then a day. This is because on 9 May 2003, Friday (the next day), a team of Detention Camp Security Unit (Unit Keselamatan Penjara, UKP for short) stormed into the area and rooms where they were being confined and took away the laptop computer using extreme force. The UKP came with batons and shields, the detainees were beaten with batons.

The details of the assault and attack are more clearly described in their joint statement, which is enclosed with this letter. Suffice to say here that they were assaulted with excessive force intentionally. One or more of the detainees were slapped on the face, stripped naked, pushed and forced against the floor, handcuffed, sat on by heavy bodies, beaten using batons; pictures of their nudity were taken by the Camp photographers while they were being overpowered.

It is difficult to imagine that somebody can do this; we can only conclude that this madly orchestrated assault and the taking of naked pictures of the detainees while they were being overpowered was the work of a mad man seeking to provoke.

Assault on Lawyer Inside Kamunting Detention Camp
The same thing happened to me, a lawyer visiting the camp.


In the afternoon, a day after the assault, I received a telephone call from Mr. Sivarasiah, another lawyer representing the detainees. He informed me that our client Mr. Chua Tian Chang had placed a telephone call through the camp authority to him. Chua’s requested (in front of the camp’s personnel) the lawyer to see them immediately.

I was sent to see them immediately after the telephone call. On my way to Kamunting Detention Camp, I was called by the family members of Chua Tian Chang and informed of the details of his injuries and the incident that happened the previous day.

When I reached the camp, it was 3:30 pm. I waited, but was on many occasions rejected by the camp guards and operator from entering the second level. I insisted and explained over the phone that I was requested to come, by a telephone call placed by my client together with the understanding and supervision of the camp authorities. In short, I told them I was invited to come with the expressed permission of the camp.

Mr. Edina, the deputy Chief (Timbalan Ketua Pengarah) came with a few wardens and officers in a jeep at about 3.45 pm. At first, he did not understand the situation until I explained it to him. Nonetheless, he asked me to come on another day. I protested at the unfairness of them inviting and then rejecting the lawyer all in the same afternoon.

After my strong protest, and my explanation about the extraordinary circumstances where I was informed of my assaulted clients, a plainclothes camp personnel believed to be either from the secret service (special branch) or one of the wardens pounced on me and started to scream threatening sentences and words at me. He made me feel threatened and tried to stop me from meeting my clients. His violent movements towards me (pouncing, shouting, spitting, brandishing his fists, swearing) were later restrained by the wardens standing around, only after I said I would complain to the Bar Council. I am sure he would have hit me on the face if the others had not restrained him. That is for sure, because he was about four feet from me. When he shouted, his saliva was all over my face. While he was being very loud and vicious in his language, shocking words like “you take care of yourself outside, we will….”, “when I see you again, I will…..”” You think you lawyer can do anything, huh? Just wait and see outside….” And of course, he had a lot of intimidating gestures as if he is on the verge of beating me up. He tried very hard to scare me. On various occasions, he tried to run towards me, but was restrained.

I asked Mr. Adina, the chief in charge of the camp that day, to identify the “violent man”. Mr. Adina was there witnessing the whole thing. He was standing next to the “mad man” who tried to beat me up. He identified him as “one of them”, but refused to identify his name. But, I remember when that man was running towards me and tried to attack me, when he was held back by the other wardens, Mr. Adina shouted at him to calm down, and called him by the name of “man”. After comparing descriptions and consulting my clients, the man in question could be the same man that assaulted Hishamudin a day before. I was told his name was “Sulaiman”, hence “man” for short.

The Intention of This Letter
It is the intention of this letter to get the response of all parties concerne; as the lawyers of the detainees, we seek help and ask SUHAKAM to investigate the above matter and provide us with a report and preferably a proposal as to how to address any wrongdoing and infringement of human rights right under our noses.


Following this letter, we would of course call for the Home Minister to explain to us why and how this could have happened again and again under his office. We further call for the Suhakam commissioners to work closely and effectively with all parties concerned to put pressure on those human rights violators, so that breaches of human rights can be eliminated from the face of this land.


Yours faithfully,
Cheah Kah Peng
12 May 2003

Anyone Reads Italian? Why My Name On This Report?

EL GOBIERNO DE MALASIA UTILIZA UNA LEY DE EXCEPCIÓN PARA DETENERINDEFINIDAMENTE SIN JUICIO A ACTIVISTAS DE DERECHOS HUMANOS Y POLÍTICOS.

El Secretariado Internacional de la OMCT
ha recibido nueva informaciónsobre
la siguiente situación en Malasia.

NUEVA INFORMACIÓNEl

Secretariado Internacional de la OMCT ha sido informado por a Suara Rakyat Malaysia (SUARAM), miembro de la red de la OMCT, del brutal asalto a dos de los presos políticos del "Reformasi" Internal Security Act (ISA), en el Campo de Detención de Kamunting, y de la posibilidad de que su periodo de detención sin juicio para ellos y otros cuatro presos políticos sea extendido dos años más, en Malasia.

De acuerdo con la información recibida, dos de los activistas políticos por la reforma, llamados "Reformasi", que están siendo detenidos sin juicio bajo la ISA desde su arresto en abril de 2001, han sido asaltados por personal de seguridad del campo de detención.Los detenidos habrían estado protestando contra el tratamiento que reciben durante la detención, incluyendo la destrucción de su jardín de frutos y vegetales, los intentos de forzar al Dr. Badrulamin Bahrom, quien sufre de presión alta, a viajar a Kuala Lumpur, y el impedimento a Tian Chua de acceder a su computadora portátil, la cual necesita para preparar su aplicación al PhD.

Tian Chua habría tomado a cmbio la computadora de las oficinas del campo. El 9 de mayo el Comandante del Campo de Detención de Kamunting, Abdul Basir Mohamad, finalmente se reunió con los presos políticos y se disculpó por la destrucción del jardín, luego de lo cual terminaron las protestas. Sin embargo, más tarde el mismo día, personal de seguridad del campo, con equipo antimotines, irrumpió en el dormitorio supuestamente para confiscar la computadora portátil. Tian Chua, que sufre de asma, fue brutalmente tirado al suelo y esposado. Hashmudding Rais gritaba al personal de seguridad que estaba sentado sobre el Sr. Chua, tratando de detener el mal tratamiento, pero fue a su vez echado al piso, esposado y enviado a confinamiento solitario. Mientras el Sr. Chua trataba de negociar con el personal de seguridad, fue nuevamente tirado al piso, y esta vez le quitaron el "sarong", dejándolo desnudo fuera del dormitorio. La situación terminó cuando el Sr. Chua estuvo de acuerdo en entregar la computadora a cambio de la liberación del Sr. Rais del confinamiento solitario.

Además del trato brutal a los detenidos, la misma fuente ha informado a la OMCT del hostigamiento a un miembro del equipo de la defensa legal de los detenidos. Se habría impedido a Cheah Kah Peng el acceso a sus clientes y se habría abusado verbalmente de él, habría sido amenazado y escupido por policías en la puerta principal del centro de detención.

Las mismas fuentes han informado a la OMCT que la detención por dos años sin juicio de los seis presos políticos "Reformasi" que están siendo retenidos bajo la ISA, expirará en junio de 2003. Los seis presos políticos incluyen: el anteriormente mencionado Tian Chua (Vicepresidente del National Justice Party, activista laboral y de derechos humanos); ); Hishamudding Rais (director de cine y activista del movimiento de reforma); Dr. Badrulamin Bahrom (miembro del Comité Central del National Justice Party); Mohd Ezam Mohd Noor (Jefe de Juventud del National Justice Party); Saari Sungib (activista del movimiento de reforma) y Lokman Adam (líder de Juventud del National Justice Party). Todos fueron detenidos en abril de 2002, antes de una manifestación masiva de apoyo al ex Vice Primer Ministro Anwar Ibrahim, quien fue sentenciado en abril de 2000

El gobierno no ha podido producir evidencia alguna para apoyar su alegación hecha hace dos años en el sentido de que estos seis presos políticos trataron de derrocar al gobierno vía medios militantes. Los presos siguen detenidos en el campo de detención de Kamunting, desprovistos de su derecho a defenderse en el tribunal. El 6 de setiembre de 2002, la Corte Federal de Malasia sentenció que la detención de estos presos era de mala fide (de mala fe). El consejo de consulta de la ISA adoptó la misma opinión, recomendando que los presos fueran liberados.

La detención sin juicio está permitida por la draconiana International Security ACT (ISA), que fue puesta en vigor en los 60's y sigue siendo frecuentemente utilizada para arrestar y detener indefinidamente a activistas de derechos humanos y de la oposición. La ISA supuestamente permite a las autoridades arrestar arbitrariamente, detener en incomunicación e interrogar a activistas, sin concederles acceso a ayuda legal o visitas de familia hasta por 60 días, y sin conducir un juicio por un periodo de hasta dos años.

El periodo es sin embargo renovable por el Ministro de Asuntos Internos, es decir que la persona puede ser efectivamente detenida indefinidamente sin un juicio. En abril de 2003, la National Human Rights Commission (Suhakam) recomendó que el gobierno de Malasia aboliera la ISA. En junio de 2003, el Ministro de Asuntos Internos decidirá si liberar a los seis presos políticos o extender su detención por otro periodo de dos años.

El Secretariado Internacional de la OMCT está profundamente preocupado por el brutal y degradante trato dado a los presos políticos en el Campo de Detención de Kamunting. La OMCT hace un llamado al Gobierno de Malasia para que garantice la integridad física y psicológica de los detenidos en todo momento. La OMCT está preocupada porque la detención sin juicio de los seis presos políticos antes mencionados pueda ser extendida, y porque los eventos en el campo puedan ser usados como excusa para renovar la orden de detención. La OMCT hace un llamado para su inmediata liberación. La OMCT hace un llamado al Gobierno de Malasia para abolir la ISA, de conformidad con las recomendaciones de la National Human Rights Commission.

Asian Human Rights Commission - 120 hours into Hunger Strike for Freedom

Abolish the Internal Security Act (ISA) Campaign


Asian Human Rights Commission
PRESS RELEASE
15 April 2002

120 hours into Hunger Strike for Freedom
- No water until Dr. Badrul gets to hospital


“We will not allow a drop of water to pass through our mouths from 4 p.m. on Monday if Dr. Badrul Amin is not sent to the Taiping Hospital,” said Tian Chua on behalf of the six detainees during the family visit on Sunday morning. The detainees are not expected to survive more than three days if they refuse to take water. This was the message given to family members who braved intimidating and heavy police presence, including fully armed police officers, and intense harassment to meet the ISA detainees currently on hunger strike. Roads leading to the Kamunting Detention Centre, where the political prisoners are kept were sealed off to vehicles, save those carrying family members. “The police took numerous pictures and detained us unnecessarily,” said Aliza Jaafar, wife of political prisoner Saari Sungib. Five families manage to meet the political prisoners, save the family of Dr. Badrul Amin. Dr. Badrul Amin left instructions that he would not see anyone unless his personal physician, Dr. Musa who travelled from Kuala Lumpur, was present. Family members of the other five detainees said they had lost weight between 3 to 7 kg since the hunger strike and were evidently week. “However their spirits remain high,” said Bahirah, wife of Mohd Ezam Mohd Nor. She said the medical assistant continue to hide from view the medical records of the detainees. Puan Bahirah added that two of her children’s names vanished mysteriously from the visitor’s list over night and had to fight to get her children to see their father. Hishamuddin Rais, according to his family, had to be supported when he walked to see them as his limbs were experiencing shakes. And a message to commemorate the anniversary of Black-14, dictated by Tian Chua to his family was confiscated. The family member was singled out for a full body search, and camp authorities attempted to coerce her to persuade Tian Chua to give up the hunger strike. Also police threatened a lawyer for the detainees, Cheah Kah Peng, with arrest when he refused to leave the camp gates until he saw his clients. Cheah was told he would be arrested for ‘illegal assembly’ even though he was alone and assembled around him were some 20 intelligence and uniformed police officers. Meanwhile, despite a media blackout on the hunger strike and intense police harassment, supporters in Kuala Lumpur continued to rally for support.....

Malaysian Bar on Cheah's Arrest


Arrest of lawyer in P.J. Police Station

HAJI SULAIMAN ABDULLAH
Chairman of Malaysian Bar 20th April 2000

Thursday, 20 April 2000, 00:00


The Police are an integral part of the Criminal Justice System. Lawyers are an equally integral part of the process. Hence all right-thinking people in the country would be affected if these 2 parts of the system are seen to be in conflict.



It is in this light that the Bar Council is gravely disturbed about the arrest of Cheah Kah Peng, a young lawyer, in Petaling Jaya Police Station on 16th April 2000. Saudara Cheah was at the Police Station for the purpose of looking after the legal rights of his client, Tian Chua.Saudara Cheah has informed the Bar Council that he was forcibly pushed away from his client, angrily shouted at by Police Officers and then told he was going to be charged with obstruction of public servant in the course of his duties.


Saudara Cheah was there to protect his client in the execution of his duty. Instead he was thoroughly intimidated, pushed around and accused of a criminal offence.After having seen and heard Saudara Cheah and read the Police Report lodged by Saudara Cheah at the P.J. Police Station at the time of his arrest, the Bar Council requested an urgent meeting on this issue with the Deputy Inspector General of Police, Dato’ Jamil Johari, in the absence of the Inspector General who is currently overseas.


The Bar Council welcomes the positive reaction of the Deputy I.G.P. who met the representatives of the Council on Thursday 20th April 2000. The Bar Council emphasised that while not wishing to lessen public confidence in the Police in any way, the Bar Council was concerned that events such as 16th April 2000 may cause lawyers to fear to enter Police Stations or to act fearlessly in the defence of their clients.Dato’ Jamil assured the Council that there would be full investigation into the whole incident. He re-assured the Bar Council that he and his senior officers fully appreciate the role of the Bar Council and the function of the individual lawyer seeking to protect his client.Dato’ Jamil stated that the Police were generally concerned to ensure that investigations are not impeded. However, Police Stations should be safe places and no cases of intimidation should occur. Both parties were of the view that over-zealous officers could mishandle a situation but efforts would be made to ensure that the rights of a client to consult a lawyer as well as the right of the lawyer to carry out his functions are respected by the Police.


The Bar Council stresses that the independent lawyer is a vital asset in national development and a key element in the development of a healthy vibrant democracy.The Bar Council is continuously monitoring the situation to ensure that lawyers in Malaysia will be able to carry out their functions without fear or favour and completely free from any threats or retaliation.

HAJI SULAIMAN ABDULLAHPENGERUSI20th April 2000

HUMAN RIGHTS WATCH WORLD REPORT 2001

Human Rights Developments
Defending Human Rights
The Role of the International Community

The trial of former Deputy Prime Minister Anwar Ibrahim, culminating in his conviction for sodomy in August, provided the backdrop for the Malaysian government's ongoing repression of perceived political opponents. While continuing to target liberal activists, the government stepped up its attacks on the fundamentalist Islamic party PAS (Parti Islam Se-Malaysia), following elections in November 1999. Human rights activists, lawyers, politicians, and publishers affiliated with the opposition were prosecuted under expansively-worded laws restricting freedom of expression. Police broke up peaceful rallies, arrested protestors, and beat some detainees in custody. Anwar's conviction cast further doubt on the independence of Malaysia's judicial system. Refugees and migrants faced harsh conditions in immigration detention camps, and Malaysia continued to return refugees to countries where they faced persecution. The appointment of a Human Rights Commission held out the promise of greater government attention to human rights, but the extent of its power and effectiveness remained in question.


Human Rights Developments


The second trial of Anwar Ibrahim concluded in August. He was sentenced to nine years in prison on sodomy charges, to run consecutively with the six-year sentence for corruption imposed on him in 1999, which was confirmed by the Court of Appeal in April 2000. Anwar's adopted brother, Sukma Dermawan, was also convicted and sentenced to six years in prison and to receive four lashes with a rattan cane.
Anwar's prosecution was widely viewed inside and outside Malaysia as a case of political revenge by Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad against his most prominent critic. His two trials were marred by heavy-handed tactics and irregularities. Key witnesses recanted their confessions and alleged that they were extracted through police coercion and physical abuse. The judge admitted into evidence a contested confession that interrogators had obtained from co-defendant Sukma Dermawan while he was in incommunicado detention without access to counsel, and that he subsequently retracted. Prime Minister Mahathir repeatedly stated publicly that Anwar was guilty before the court delivered its verdict. Defense attorneys Zainur Zakaria and Karpal Singh were prosecuted for statements made in court in the course of Anwar's defense. Finally, the court permitted the prosecution to twice change the dates of the alleged crime.


In March, former Inspector-General of Police Abdul Rahim Noor was convicted of "causing hurt" to Anwar for beating him in custody after his arrest. The charge was much reduced from the original, and Noor was sentenced to a fine and two months in prison. At this writing, he remained free on bail pending the outcome of his appeal.


Following November 1999 elections, the government retaliated against its opponents by charging them under broadly worded laws. Although Malaysia's ruling coalition, dominated by the United Malay National Organization (UMNO), maintained its two-thirds majority in parliament, it lost significant ethnic Malay support as a result of Anwar's controversial prosecutions. PAS won control of the state governments of Kelantan and Terengganu, giving it leadership of two of Malaysia's fourteen states.


Anwar's principal counsel, Karpal Singh, was one of four individuals charged in January with violating the Sedition Act, a colonial-era law that criminalizes any speech deemed to have a "seditious tendency," regardless of the speaker's intent and the statement's veracity. Singh, the deputy chairman of the Democratic Action Party (DAP), was arrested on January 12, 2000 for telling the trial court in September 1999 that Anwar might have been poisoned in custody and that he suspected that "people in high places" were responsible.


As of October, his trial had not begun. The charge against Singh ran counter to international standards and Malaysian common law, which grants lawyers absolute privilege for all statements made during legal proceedings. Marina Yusoff, former vice president of the National Justice Party (Parti Keadilan Nasional or Keadilan), also faced sedition charges for allegedly "provoking racial discord." In a speech on September 29, 1999, Yusoff allegedly told a mostly ethnic Chinese Malaysian audience not to vote for UMNO because it had started the massacres of ethnic Chinese during the race riots of May 13, 1969. Her trial was ongoing in October. Zulkifli Sulong, editor of the popular PAS newspaper Harakah, and Chia Lim Thye, who held the permit for the newspaper's printing company, were charged with sedition for publishing an article allegedly written by Chandra Muzaffar, Keadilan's deputy president. The article alleged a government conspiracy against Anwar. Chia pleaded guilty and received a fine in May. Zulkifli pleaded not guilty, and his trial was ongoing at the time of this writing.



The Home Ministry used the Printing Presses and Publications Act to intimidate the press and restrict media associated with the opposition. On December 24, 1999, the ministry accused Harakah of breaching the conditions of its license by selling the paper to non-PAS members. On March 1, it restricted Harakah to two issues per month, down from twice weekly, and banned it from newsstands. The minister for energy, communications, and multimedia also stated that Harakah's online edition would be limited to two issues per month, although the ministry had repeatedly said that the government would not interfere with the Internet.

On March 27, the Home Ministry refused to renew the publishing permit of Detik magazine, a privately financed publication on domestic politics which criticized the government. Among other things, the government alleged that the magazine had failed to print the publisher's address and had not obtained the ministry's consent to the editor's appointment. The ministry also banned Al Wasilah, a monthly youth magazine affiliated with Detik, in August. In September, it suspended the weekly tabloid, Ekslusif, for "imbalanced [sic] reporting and non-compliance with publication rules and regulations.


Police continued to use force to break up peaceful opposition demonstrations. On March 11, around 200 people gathered at the National Mosque to protest the government's decision to reduce the frequency of Harakah's publication. Seven people, including prominent human rights lawyer Sivarasa Rasiah, opposition supporters, and journalists, were arrested for illegal assembly. On March 25, the government banned public rallies in the capital for an indefinite period. The ban applied to all outdoor gatherings in Kuala Lumpur of more than four people. On April 9, police shut down Keadilan's first anniversary celebration on the grounds that it had no permit and called in Dr. Wan Azizah Wan Ismail, Anwar's wife and head of Keadilan, for questioning.


In advance of protests planned to mark the anniversary of Anwar's corruption conviction on April 14, police arrested three opposition leaders and ordered four others to turn themselves in. Despite the arrests, as well as police roadblocks around Kuala Lumpur and a heavy police presence, several hundred people gathered at the National Mosque and were met by tear gas, water cannons, and police in riot gear using batons, bamboo canes, and dogs. Forty-eight people were arrested for illegal assembly. A judge ordered forty-six to be held for over a week without charges. Several detainees reported being beaten in custody by police. Police also arrested Cheah Kah Peng, lawyer for Keadilan vice-president Tian Chua, one of those charged with illegal assembly, when he tried to gain access to his client at a local police station.

On August 4, the day originally scheduled for Anwar's sodomy trial verdict, several hundred people gathered outside the courthouse; seven were arrested for illegal assembly. When the verdict was finally announced on August 8, around 700 people demonstrated peacefully; approximately twelve, including Tian Chua, were arrested. Several reported being punched, kicked, and partially choked by police officers during arrest and at the police station. Since September 1998, police had consistently refused to grant opposition parties permits for public rallies.


Opposition supporters also faced retaliation from the ruling party at the state level. In March, the Malacca state government blacklisted doctors, lawyers, architects, contractors, and other professionals who were opposition party members. The government transferred civil servants supportive of the opposition out of the state or to other agencies, forbade its employees from visiting the two states controlled by PAS, and withdrew some state funds from two banks with employees who had campaigned for the opposition. The banks responded by promising to take action against those employees. One, Bank Islam, gave the government a list of employees who openly supported the opposition, promised disciplinary action against them, and dismissed those who had stood as opposition candidates in the November elections. Chief Minister Mohamed Ali Rustam explained that the measures were intended "to serve as a warning to opposition party supporters that they have no place in Malacca."


Thirteen members were appointed to a national Human Rights Commission (Suhakam) in April, with former Deputy Prime Minister Musa Hitam named as chair. The commission began receiving complaints in April, primarily of police abuse. It met with representatives of nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) in May and with members of the police in June. In late July, Musa Hitam acknowledged the public's right to peaceful assembly and stated that persons should be allowed to gather at the Kuala Lumpur High Court to hear the Anwar verdict. The Malaysian Home Ministry and the UMNO Youth deputy chief disagreed publicly with this statement. Wearing armbands, commission members observed the public gathering on August 8, the day of the Anwar verdict. Malaysian NGOs criticized the limited scope of rights falling under the commission's jurisdiction and its lack of powers.


In July the Malaysian High Court dismissed one of the four defamation suits brought by corporations against Param Cumaraswamy, the United Nations Special Rapporteur on the Independence of Judges and Lawyers. It ordered Cumaraswamy to bear the litigation costs, however, which were US $110,000 at the time and rising. The three other cases were still pending at the time of this writing. The corporations wereseeking over US $100 million in damages for statements in Cumaraswamy's 1995 interview with International Commercial Litigation magazine in which he referred to allegations of corporate interference in the Malaysian judiciary. Malaysian courts have long refused to recognize the immunity granted him in his capacity as U.N. Special Rapporteur. In April, the Malaysian government attempted unsuccessfully to block Cumaraswamy's reappointment at the annual meeting of the U.N. Human Rights Commission.


The trial of Irene Fernandez, head of the Kuala Lumpur-based advocacy organization Tenaganita (Women's Force), entered its fifth year, making it the longest trial in Malaysian history. Fernandez faces the possibility of three years in prison on charges of malicious publishing for her July 1995 memorandum on abuses in immigration detention camps. The government maintained that the report was inaccurate. Beginning in January, former detainees from Bangladesh, after initially being denied visas by the Malaysian government, testified in court that they had been severely beaten, subjected to gross sexual abuse, and kept in crowded, mosquito-infested rooms with foul toilets.


Malaysia continued its policy of detaining and expelling persons recognized as refugees by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), and continued to deny UNHCR permission to visit immigration detention camps where refugees were detained. In October 1999, Mohammed Sayed, a refugee from Burma, was arrested after he led a demonstration in front of the Burmese embassy in Kuala Lumpur. Scheduled for expulsion to Thailand several times, he was held in an immigration detention camp until June when, following domestic and international protest, he was resettled in Australia.